The idea that a president's first 100 days are significant arose in Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, as he pushed through a flurry of bills during the Great Depression. Ever since, presidents have been judged against that useful, if somewhat arbitrary, benchmark.
Mr. Roosevelt "set an impossible standard," says Donald Ritchie, a Senate historian and author of "Electing FDR." "He was batting a thousand in his first 100 days."
Mr. Roosevelt's pace inevitably slowed; the combination of historic economic problems and Democratic majorities in Congress gave him momentum in his first term, but a recession and a controversial court-packing plan that split his party hurt him in his second.
Still, presidents ever since have found themselves trying to manage expectations created by that initial burst of energy. John F. Kennedy insisted his inaugural speech emphasize that the tasks that waited wouldn't be finished in "a hundred days or a thousand." George W. Bush's team solicited advice from scholars on how to handle the milestone. President Barack Obama's team has both dismissed it -- a spokesman recently called it a "Hallmark holiday" -- and embraced it, scheduling a prime-time press conference for Wednesday, Mr. Obama's 100th day in office.
Can the measure of a man -- or a presidency -- be taken in 100 days? Not always. Some presidencies took a sharp turn away from the course set in the earliest days. (Remember Lincoln's support for a 13th Amendment that would have codified slavery?) George W. Bush's presidency was of course largely shaped by a day that came well after his first 100: Sept. 11, 2001.
But 100 days can provide telling insights. Jimmy Carter may not have held on to the high approval ratings garnered during his first days. But his early moves to reconsider water projects prized by lawmakers for creating patronage jobs, and to give Congress scant consultation, heralded an executive branch that sought to do things differently -- and that struggled to bring the legislature on board.
What follows are snapshots of a few past presidents' first 100 days and comparisons with history's final verdict on their tenures.
—Juliet Chung
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